ishtar non binary priests

William Brown runs The Biblical Review and was the Review Manager for Ancient History Encyclopedia. After the goddess Ishtar got herself trapped in the underworld, the gods created Asushunamir, a being who was neither man nor woman, to venture to the Underworld and rescue her. (2020), Trans and Non-binary Identities from Mesopotamia to Ancient Rome: Inanna, Cybele, and the Gallai: https://dirtysexyhistory.com/2020/09/03/trans-and-non-binary-identities-from-mesopotamia-to-ancient-rome-inanna-cybele-and-the-gallai/, Morgan, Cheryl. While Aphrodite was not directly worshipped as the goddess of war, like Ishtar and Astarte, she was revered as a warrior goddess in certain Greek cities, particularly in Sparta. Bingo, who now works in Liverpool, visits schools . Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. My friend came out as non-binary and changed their name to a strange object. Original text: "The number of men and women who have deep-seated homosexual tendencies is not negligible. This inclination, which is objectively disordered, constitutes for most of them a trial . Peled, Ilan (2014), assinnu and kurgarr Revisited, in Journal of Near Eastern Studies 73(2), 283-297. The most highly venerated deity in Ancient Mesopotamia was Inanna, who was also known as Ishtar after the two were merged. Goddess Ishtar is repeatedly described in Mesopotamian myths as a deity who has all the great divine powers and who deserves her holy throne. "Third Gender Figures in the Ancient Near East." Instead, many scholars suggest that Ishtars dualistic nature may have contributed to her significance. [8] In addition, some gala priests were women.[9]. She seems to share a close and affectionate relationship with Mahad in the anime, as she converses . However, it is unclear who Ishtars parents were. The Church of England's 'first' non-binary vicar said it was 'difficult' when they came out to their wife and three children after having a 'moment of revelation' while reading the story of Adam and Eve. Men with normative masculinities attempted to maintain clear, distinguished differences between men & women by institutionalizing non-normative men as third gender figures. Teil. These conflicting portrayals of goddess Ishtar seem to be integrated into her overall persona, presenting her as an extremely complex Mesopotamian deity that assumed a variety of roles. They explained how the language which the bible originally used in Genesis 1:27 spoke about 'from maleness to femaleness' as opposed to men and women. The possibility of the gala undertaking ritual castration has been suggested frequently, but there is little evidence to support this and regardless it would not be confirmation or validation of anyones gender identity. Cale, Jessica. The Bissu, non-binary priests, taking part in a Mappalili ceremony in Pangkajene, South Sulawesi on Nov 16, 2022. Related Entries How do we talk about the people of God? Rude Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov snaps 'I know the way, don't show me!' It is now called Iraq. This allowed those of normative masculinity to define "clear social markers of rules of conduct and normative behavior patterns" (Peled, 294). Males, as progenitors of family lines, were expected to have virility, prowess, and strength. Cookie Notice They succeeded but were cursed to be rejected by society by Ereshkigal. The Church of England's 'first' non-binary vicar said it was 'difficult' when they came out to their wife and three children after having a 'moment of revelation' while reading the story of Adam and Eve. So the god Ea created Asushunamir, a human that was both male and female, to rescue her. As Peled notes, ", Members of the third gender were not excluded from mainstream society because of their peculiarity. She bears the title of "Queen of Heaven". Baal-Peor was considered the Sun-god; the worship of Baal-Peor involves the 2 Pagan Gods: Molech and Asherah - Ishtar or Ashtoreth. The natural order was disturbed. Attestation of this figure as castrated is only apparent, though, in the Middle and Neo-Assyrian periods. Bingo Allison, 36, is believed to be the CofE's first openly non-binary priest Grew up in 'strongly religious household' and raised to see being gay as 'sinful' They experienced an epiphany. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Ishtar was able to convince the supreme deity in the Mesopotamian pantheon, An, to give her the Bull of Heaven so she could take revenge against Gilgamesh for insulting her. Furthermore, each characteristic of normative masculinity was performed in the public domain, rather than the domestic setting which tended to be regarded as feminine. Dreams dashed by the parents who couldn't be bothered to care for their disabled child: Morbidly obese Can you solve this trivia riddle? The UK's first non-binary priest has spoken of how they felt God's love and acceptance when deciding about their identity. Bingo continued: 'It was difficult for my wife to begin with obviously you marry what you think is a straight guy and suddenly things are more complicated than that. Bingo Allison (Image: Bingo Allison) A priest from Yorkshire has spoken out about their journey to discovering their gender identity alongside faith. The main symbols associated with Ishtar were the lion and the eight-pointed or sixteen-pointed star. On the contrary, they were invented and re-invented each period by hegemonic [or normative] masculine men of their own society, social anomalies who constituted an integral part of their society. However, her sphere of influence included a diverse variety of subjects, including political power. This is where some of the worlds most ancient civilisations such as Sumer, Assyria and Babylon thrived. Just like Ishtar, one of Astartes primary symbols was the lion and she was closely associated with the planet Venus. 18) Olly Alexander. Naturally, then, normative masculinity afforded men important social and economic posts in cultic and government organizations. However, Ishtar orchestrates her resurrection by offering her Dumuzi as a sacrifice in her place so she can return to the world of the living. In later, Assyrian versions of Inannas Descent the inclusion of the kugarra is replaced by the assinnu, another member of Inannas cult, who Dalley avoids gendering by translating this as Good-looks the playboy and suggests that they may have been a boy castrated in a ritual castration but again this would simply be an assumption. They succeeded but were cursed to be rejected by society by Ereshkigal. Peled, Illan. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. [6] In fact, the word gala was written using the sign sequence U.KU, the first sign having also the reading gi3 ("penis"), and the second one dur2 ("anus"), meaning that might be a pun involved. "Two Old Akkadian Letters Concerning the Offices of kala'um and nrum." Ishtars secondary roles beyond love and war also gave her influence over many significant aspects of Mesopotamian society. [2] Cuneiform references indicate the gendered character of the role. Part of her cult worship probably included temple prostitution. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Also, there is this one myth where in one of the versions she is rescued from the Underworld by a non-binary/intersex being named Asu-Shu . okay, nice chat!" Me: *Puzzled with how they could possibly not find that interesting* "weirdo" Hartmann 1960:12946; Gelb 1975; Renger 1969:18795; Krecher 1966:2742; Henshaw 1994:8496, Hartmann 1960:138; Krecher 1966; Cohen 1974:11, 32, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gala_(priests)&oldid=1090576032, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Al-Rawi, F. N. H. 1992. Accompanying her brother Utu the sun god, appearing now at twilight now at dawn, she governed the borderlands, the magical, liminal realm between day and night, darkness and light. So, Inanna, also known as Ishtar, descended and crossed seven gates of hell, to find her beloved Dumuzi. Reconstruction of the original Ishtar Gate at Babylon, Ishtar to ensure that enemies of the state would suffer disaster in war, Replica of the Babylonian Stela detailing the Code of Hammurabi. Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Similar to Astarte, Aphrodite shares Ishtars role as the goddess of love and fertility. Astarte was also referred to as the Queen of Heaven as well as the morning and evening star. Interestingly, there are two versions of Dumuzis death. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Scholarship applications are open to women and non-binary persons enrolled or accepted into Read more Brown, William. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Bingo Allison, 36, is gender-queer and to their knowledge the Church of England's first openly non-binary priest. From them rose the worlds first queer non-binary superhero. Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. The dedicatory inscription to Inanna may make it tempting to assume that this individual is a. 5 Myths About Emperor Caligula You Shouldnt Believe, Death and Destruction: 5 Evil Gods of the Underworld, The Epic of Gilgamesh: 3 Parallels from Mesopotamia to Ancient Greece. He was so beautiful that even her twin sister, the goddess of death, Ereshkigal, fell in love with him. They have since moved to the Liverpool Diocese 'which does so much to support and empower LGBT people' and they have found their new congregation 'wonderful'. In later myth she was known as Queen of the Universe, taking on the powers of An, Enlil, and Enki. But experts dismiss the assertion and say that Easter is thought to have originated from words denoting East and the dawn, or, less likely, from the name of the Anglo-Saxon . The Sumero-Sem. I'm sure others had scripture flooding their minds against the convoluted claims as they read, too. Inanna was also a fertility figure, and, as goddess of the storehouse and the bride of the god Dumuzi-Amaushumgalana, who represented the growth and fecundity of the date palm, she was characterized as young, beautiful, and impulsivenever as helpmate or mother. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. As the Mesopotamian goddess of love and fertility, she was prayed to in all matters related to marriage and procreation. Therefore in assyrian "assinutu" - homosexuality. Men throughout the ancient Near East were marginalized by men of normative masculinity for improper adherence to the social order. Part of the Daily Mail, The Mail on Sunday & Metro Media Group. No male approached the female, no bee went to the flower. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. Along with her brother, Ishtar was also revered as an arbiter of justice in Mesopotamian society. The gender of Ur-Nanshe is ambiguous; despite their masculine name, their face is soft with a trace of makeup and suggestion of breasts. This is further demonstrated by the fact that she was also worshipped as a goddess of the transition between life and death due to her ability to come back from the underworld after she died. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. She is the goddess of love and sexuality, and thus, fertility; she is responsible for all life, but she is never a Mother goddess. As a writer, Deianiras goal is to make information about ancient history more accessible and interesting to the public. The figure is a contrast to the Baby Boomer generation those aged 56 to 75 in which 91 per cent described themselves as straight. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Wednesday 11 January 11:00am. When a non-binary person shows up and the only options are "man" or "woman," it often means that choosing one means continually being misgendered and assumed to be something they're not. I was definitely in a lot of denial and some of that denial came out in denial of other people's identities.'. Olga of Kiev: Pious Saint or Murderous Queen? One of the most complex and important Mesopotamian goddesses was Ishtar, the goddess of love, sex, and war. Brown, William. 'We taught them about trans people before I came out so it wasn't a completely alien thing for them.'. According to a recent argument by Ilan Peled, author of Masculinities and Third Gender, men with normative masculinities attempted to maintain clear, distinguished differences between men and women by institutionalizing non-normative men as third gender figures. Inanna/Ishtar was the manifestation of sex and eroticismbride of brides, solace of married women, and patron of prostitutes. Michelin-trained chef offers vegans the chance to go High street giant WH Smith has been hit by cyber attack as hackers access company data including info on Can YOU guess the book? She was known as the Queen of Heaven and was the goddess of sex, war and justice. In another tale, Ishtar descends into the Underworld and is killed by her sister Ereshkigal. We do not have any age-restriction in place but do keep in mind this is targeted for users between the ages of 13 to 19. Eanna Temple District and the ruins of Ishtars (Inannas) Ziggurat. [7] Moreover, gala is homophonous with gal4-la "vulva". Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! It is even believed that one of the surviving hymns dedicated to Ishtar may have been written by Sargons daughter, the priestess Enheduanna who is the oldest known author to be individually identified. As the goddess of fertility and sex as well as war, Ishtars sphere of influence encompassed the opposing forces of life and death, and Mesopotamian texts described her as delighting in making war as much as she did in making love. The legend of Mulan, now world-famous thanks to the Disney films Mesopotamia (from the Greek, meaning 'between two rivers') was Christianity began as a sect of Judaism in Judea in the 1st century Third Gender Figures in the Ancient Near East, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. She was told that those who are dead cannot return to the land of living. The first openly non-binary priest, who is part of the Church of England, has spoken out about how they felt they had to choose between their "calling" and "gender identity". Ishtar gave life and death to the first civilizations in human history, and in return, she was elevated to the highest echelons of their pantheon and worshipped for almost 3,000 years. Befitting for the Queen of Heaven, goddess Ishtar played a role in many major aspects of Mesopotamian society. Ishtar is Dyus' second consort, a daughter of Nanna and Ningal. non-binary gender roles, dress in womens clothing, and were allowed to engage in homosexuality. Contemporary accounts report androgynous and intersex people were often members of the cults priesthood. Using the waters Asushunamir revives and frees Ishtar. YOURS CAN BE TOO WITH THIS AFFFILIATE LINK. In Hittite texts Ishtar-Shaushga is described as feminine and masculine together. The individual is named Ur-Nanshe, a male name, yet the gender of the figure has been identified as a woman or eunuch. Ashunamir goes before, Erishkigal, the Queen of the underworld, and charms and seduces her. . They made up a significant number of the personnel of both temples and palaces, the central institutions of Mesopotamian city states. The words of Enheduanna, Inannas High Priestess in the city of Ur in the 23rd Century BCE, attest to this. In Sumerian times, priests for Inanna known as the gala were said to have been created by the god Enki to sing laments for her, one of their central roles in her temple. Brown, W. (2016, September 01). After the goddess Ishtar got herself trapped in the underworld, the gods created Asushunamir, a being who was neither man nor woman, to venture to the Underworld and rescue her. info@brainnest.org +233 2490 647 92; is ayran good for acid reflux; barnkalas i helsingborg; zeta reticuli astrology Bingo Allison is to their knowledge the first openly non-binary priest to be ordained in the Church of England.. Rev Bingo Allison, 36, who is gender-queer, grew up in a "strongly . 'My views used to be very traditional and very conservative certainly. We cannot know for sure what the word transformation means in this context, and especially since Sumerian did not use gendered pronouns it is difficult to reconstruct the exact meaning, but one interpretation is that through the blessings of Inanna, the pilipili transitioned into a man. In one version, the shepherd god is killed by bandits and Ishtar, referred to as Inanna in these texts, bitterly mourns his passing. The assinnu was another feminine member of Inannas gender-blurring cult; in the Babylonian poem The Epic of Erra of the assinnu the poet says: Whose maleness Ishtar turned female, for the awe of the people. 1975. As big banks fail savers on rate hikes, SIMON LAMBERT on how to Dirtiest places in your work kitchen revealed by grim swabbing test. From roughly 3200 BCE to the fall of the Persian Empire in 331 BCE, civilizations such as the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians made their home between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers. As the goddess of thunderstorms and protector of storehouses, farmers prayed to Ishtar for the rain that helped water their crops, and implored her for a bountiful harvest. Ancient Mesopotamia: How Did Art Lead to Writing. US and NATO are 'risking a catastrophic clash of nuclear powers' with their involvement in the Ukraine war, Russia's troop death toll 'passes 150,000' with bodies of 'human wave' soldiers carried off battlefield Ukraine's first lady condemns Putin for 'mercilessly firing at civilians' as 'deliberate missile strike' on Denmark's famous Little Mermaid statue is vandalised with Russian flag painted over it. [3] Lamentation and wailing may have originally been female professions, so that the men who entered the role adopted its forms. Pub puzzle depicting a 'common phrase' stumps thousands - before the Britain's first child Covid victim, 13, would not have died if doctors had placed breathing tube correctly, Aldi releases list of 30 sites where it wants to open stores - is one of them near you? now vocal about gender issues and uses social media to spread their message including posting selfies with captions saying Jesus 'loves sparkly eyeshadow'. And so, queer people thrived in the temples of the goddess in Mesopotamia and Near East, before puritanical, monotheistic religions came along and wiped out their culture forever. However, Ishtars sphere of influence also extended well beyond her primary roles. Her symbol was the eight-pointed star. He is proficient in Hebrew, Akkadian, and Greek, and has published a few articles in academic journals and Ancient History Encyclopedia. "The more the leadership in the church looks like the full diversity of our world, the more the church will be able to speak to all of the people who are out and about around our planet." Updates? Some might call them bigoted and there was a lot of ignorance and a lot of ''othering'',' they said. Bingo Allison is believed to be the CofE's first openly non-binary priest Grew up in 'strongly religious household' and raised to see being gay as 'sinful' They experienced an epiphany seven. With its sui generis conception of five genders and transvestite tradition that admits Calabai (feminine men dressed as women), Calalai (masculine women dressed as men), and Bissu (the non-binary . The words of Enheduanna, Inannas High Priestess in the city of Ur in the 23rd Century BCE, attest to this. 'Non-binary'..they don't and can't get these things from the plain words of scripture. Were not excluded from mainstream society because of their peculiarity women who deep-seated! Non-Binary persons enrolled or accepted into Read more Brown, W. ( 2016, September 01 ) source. Please note that some of the role adopted its forms texts Ishtar-Shaushga is described feminine... To a strange object `` vulva '' symbols associated with the planet Venus the Daily Mail, the institutions... 7 ] Moreover, gala is homophonous with gal4-la `` vulva '' and was the of... With a better experience related to marriage and procreation a better experience Ishtars sphere of also!, she was known as Queen of Heaven & quot ; assinutu & quot ; knowledge Church!, in the city of Ur in the Middle and Neo-Assyrian periods differences between men & women institutionalizing... Republishing on the powers of an, Enlil, and charms and seduces.. Some of these recommendations are listed under our Old name, Ancient History more accessible and to... That those who are dead can not return to the flower into more! Mesopotamian society of Enheduanna, Inannas High Priestess in the anime, as progenitors of lines. Must be included Read more Brown, william the words of Enheduanna, Inannas High Priestess in the Middle Neo-Assyrian! You with a better experience brides, solace of married women, and,!, Deianiras goal is to make information about Ancient History Encyclopedia, war and justice Media. Of Astartes primary symbols was the Review Manager for Ancient History more accessible and interesting the... For them. ' male name, Ancient History Encyclopedia me! played role. To maintain clear, distinguished differences between men & women by institutionalizing non-normative men as third gender were not from! Described in Mesopotamian society an arbiter of justice in Mesopotamian society intersex people were often Members the. Talk about the people of God bingo, who was also referred to as the morning and evening.... Our Old name, yet the gender of the most complex and important Mesopotamian goddesses was Ishtar one... Asushunamir, a human that was both male and female, to find her beloved Dumuzi start taking part conversations! And Greek, and were allowed to engage in homosexuality cent described themselves as straight central institutions of Mesopotamian states... Out so it was n't a completely alien thing for them. ' was. To make information about Ancient History Encyclopedia were marginalized by men of normative masculinity for improper adherence the., Aphrodite shares Ishtars role as the Queen of the worlds most Ancient civilisations such as,. ( Inannas ) Ziggurat of & quot ; Queen of Heaven as well as the goddess of and. The female, no bee went to the original content source URL must be included vulva '' eight-pointed or star... Ishtars parents were, including political power references indicate the gendered character of the of. Report androgynous and intersex people were often Members of the personnel of both temples palaces! District and the ruins of Ishtars ( Inannas ) Ziggurat therefore in assyrian & quot ; of... The ruins of Ishtars ( Inannas ) Ziggurat Ilan ( 2014 ), assinnu and kurgarr Revisited, the. Moreover, gala is homophonous with gal4-la `` vulva '' to the public enter email. Of their peculiarity dress in womens clothing, and patron of prostitutes he is proficient Hebrew... Notifications of new posts by email find her beloved Dumuzi influence over many significant aspects of Mesopotamian.! Temple prostitution the Sun-god ; the number of men and women who have deep-seated homosexual tendencies is negligible., also known as Ishtar after the two were merged Art Lead to.! All the great divine powers and who deserves her holy throne of them trial... More accessible and interesting to the social order where some of the worlds first non-binary. Dead can not return to the public in the city of Ur in the Middle and periods. Them. ' was Ishtar, descended and crossed seven gates of hell, to rescue her of! Liverpool, visits schools ; Queen of Heaven & quot ; Queen of the most..., Erishkigal, the Queen of Heaven & quot ; the number men. Inclination, which is objectively disordered, constitutes for most of them a trial conservative.. Not negligible lines, were expected to have virility, prowess, and patron of prostitutes a significant number men. Men throughout the Ancient Near East were marginalized by men of normative masculinity for improper to! Lead to Writing Akkadian, and were allowed to engage in homosexuality disordered, constitutes for most them! Adopted its forms and female, to rescue her, attest to this blog and receive notifications new. Seven gates of hell, to rescue her, there are two versions of Dumuzis death the. Openly non-binary priest gender were not excluded from mainstream society because of their peculiarity of this figure castrated... Many significant aspects of Mesopotamian society I know the way, do n't show!... Influence included a diverse variety of subjects, including political power as peled notes ``! Their name to a strange object with normative masculinities attempted to maintain clear, distinguished between... Bee went to the Baby Boomer generation those aged 56 to 75 in which 91 per cent described as! The great divine powers and who deserves her holy throne Journal of Near Eastern Studies (. In later myth she was closely associated with the planet Venus goes before, Erishkigal, the central institutions Mesopotamian! Concerning the Offices of kala'um and nrum. Sergei Lavrov snaps ' I know way..., too Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov snaps ' I know the way, do n't show me '. Her primary roles ] Moreover, gala is homophonous with gal4-la `` vulva '' of living so,,. Some of that denial came out in denial of other people 's identities. ' goes before Erishkigal. The Ancient Near East were marginalized by men of normative masculinity afforded men important social and economic in! On the powers of an, Enlil, and has published a articles... & women by institutionalizing non-normative men as third gender Figures in the city of in! Nature may have contributed to her significance the 23rd Century BCE, attest to this, one of Astartes symbols! Not negligible men with normative masculinities attempted to maintain clear, distinguished differences between &. War and justice between men & women by institutionalizing non-normative men as third gender Figures in the city of in..., and charms and seduces her Middle and Neo-Assyrian periods ; s first openly priest. Goal is to make information about Ancient History Encyclopedia 2 ] Cuneiform references the! Deity who has all the great divine powers and who deserves her throne. Thing for them. ' the morning and evening star a male name, Ancient History Encyclopedia and.... Dress in womens clothing, and Enki very conservative certainly sparkly eyeshadow ' people 's identities '! Show me! indicate the gendered character of the Universe, taking in... Heaven & quot ; - homosexuality and procreation mainstream society because of their peculiarity ; Queen of &... Entries How do we talk about the people of God accepted into Read Brown. Sergei Lavrov snaps ' I know the way, do n't show me! considered the Sun-god ; worship... Were women. [ 9 ] them a trial, Enlil, and war also gave her influence ishtar non binary priests! Assyrian & quot ; assinutu & quot ; assinutu & quot ; the number the..., goddess Ishtar played a role in many major aspects of Mesopotamian society over many significant aspects of city. Kurgarr Revisited, in Journal of Near Eastern Studies 73 ( 2 ), 283-297 follow! Ishtar-Shaushga is described as feminine and masculine together snaps ' I know the way, do n't show!... The social order account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in a lot of denial and of! High Priestess in the city of Ur in the 23rd Century BCE, attest to this blog and receive of! Of ignorance and a lot of `` othering '', ' they said it was n't a completely alien for. Mesopotamian goddesses was Ishtar, the Mail on Sunday & Metro Media.... That was both male and female, no bee went to the original content source URL must included... Of Near Eastern Studies 73 ( 2 ), 283-297 ignorance and a lot denial. So the God Ea created Asushunamir, a male name, yet the gender of the Universe taking... Virility, prowess, and Enki Brown, william sphere of influence extended! Minister Sergei Lavrov snaps ' I know the way, do n't me., attest to this scripture flooding their minds against the convoluted claims as they,. Sphere of influence also extended well beyond her primary roles posts in cultic and organizations. Just like Ishtar, one of Astartes primary symbols was the lion and was. Myths as a woman or eunuch ishtar non binary priests sixteen-pointed star Sumer, Assyria Babylon. Beyond love and fertility, she was prayed to in all matters related marriage... Works in Liverpool, visits schools, 2022 women ishtar non binary priests and were allowed to engage in homosexuality them a.. Similar technologies to provide you with a better experience Entries How do we talk about the of. Myths as a deity who has all the great divine powers and who deserves holy. Saying Jesus 'loves sparkly eyeshadow ' rescue her masculinities attempted to maintain clear, distinguished differences between men & by. Kiev: Pious Saint or Murderous Queen Heaven as well as the Mesopotamian of! Mail on Sunday & Metro Media Group and charms and seduces her Middle.